20 August 2015. Web. February 13, 2023 [3] Journalist Robin Wright has described it as "more of an information network for a variety of cells of movements", rather than a centralized organization. Under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), however, the redesignation requirement was replaced by certain review and revocation procedures. Al-Shabaab remains capable of carrying out massive attacks in Somalia and nearby countries despite a long-running African Union offensive against the Islamist terrorist group. by Thomas Graham Web. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. [1] However, the group continued to carry out attacks in Egypt, and its leadership eventually relocated to Sudan in 1991. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. [9] Gebara, Khalil. Soon after the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989, Sharif, Zawahiri, and other EIJ leaders joined bin Laden in Khartoum, where he was hosted by Sudans government. On October 6, 1981, EIJ members disguised as soldiers assassinated Egyptian Pres. WebTerrorist Organizations. Web. whose name was `used by those involved to disguise their true identity.`[15][16][17][18][19], Former CIA operative and author Robert Baer describes it as the cover name used by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran). [6], Initially the group was described as "a mysterious group about which virtually nothing was known,"[7] one whose "only members" seemed to be the "anonymous callers" taking credit for the bombings, or one that simply didn't exist. "Spanish bomb blast blamed on Jihad / Madrid restaurant explosion blamed on Muslim group.". EIJs deadliest attack was its bombing of Egypts embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, in November 1995, which killed 17 people. Yes. An official website of the United States government. In 1997, the U.S. Department of State designated Hizballah a Foreign Terrorist Organization, pursuant to Section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, and it remains so designated today. Send a message to the Mapping Militants team. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. EIJ, in cooperation with al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (GI/GAI), assassinated Sadat in retribution for brokering a peace deal with Israel and his ties with the U.S., and further, hoped that if Sadat were killed, the Egyptian state would be crippled enough that the EIJ could seize control. EIJ coalesced out of a variety of smaller militant groups in the late 1970s under the leadership of Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj. Web. Web. WebFollowing the bombing, two callers claimed responsibility in the name of Hezbollahs Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO). Kourani transmitted some of the products of his surveillance and intelligence-gathering efforts back to IJO personnel in Lebanon using digital storage media. El Debek has told the FBI that he was detained by Hizballah from December 2015 to April 2016 and falsely accused of spying for the U.S. Car bomb attack on French Embassy in Beirut killing 12 and wounding 27. He was arrested by the Egyptian government for his involvement in the assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981 and executed on April 15, 1982. Bin Ladin Front Reportedly Brough CBW from E. Europe. Al-Hayah, 20 April 1999. Relatively little is known about Zawahiri or the EIJs activities during this time. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.147; Wright, Lawrence. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003; Fletcher, Molly. At the same time, al-Qaeda increasingly utilized the Internet as an expansive venue for communication and recruitment and as a mouthpiece for video messages, broadcasts, and propaganda. Associated Press. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. 30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for the death of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi. Todays charges of two for their work on behalf of Hezbollah is a tribute to the collaborative work of the agents and detectives of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.. [26] Most recently, the EIJs name has been evoked in relation to a new political party that emerged in Egypt following the 2011, which is allegedly comprised of former EIJ members. 2006. Mr. Kim also thanked the FBIs Detroit Office and the Counterterrorism Section of the Department of Justices National Security Division. 10 Oct. 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Understanding Terror Networks, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.45; Wright, Lawrence. WebThe Islamic Jihad Union (IJU) is an extremist organization that splintered from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan in the early 2000s and is currently based in Pakistans Federally Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures, Backgrounder Additionally, the decaying state of Sudanese economy compelled it to seek foreign financial aid; however, many countries were reluctant to aid the Sudanese government while it directly supported an international terrorist organization. In May 2009, el Debek traveled from Lebanon, through Malaysia, to Thailand, where his mission was to clean up explosive precursors in a house in Bangkok that others had left because they were under surveillance. Web. 20 August 2015; Salah, Muhammad. Islamic Jihad released a photograph that claimed to show the (dead) body of French citizen, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 11:00. The maximum potential sentences in this case are prescribed by Congress and are provided here for informational purposes only, as any sentencing of the defendants will be determined by a judge. WebIslamic Jihad Organization (IJO) Leaders: Imad Mughniyeh: Dates of operation: early 19831992: Headquarters: Beirut, Baalbek: Size: 400 fighters: Allies: Iranian Revolutionary Guards Hezbollah Amal Movement Islamic Dawa Party: Opponents: Israel Defense Forces [10], Ahmed Ibrahim al-Naggar (unknown-1998): Naggar was believed to be one of the leaders of the EIJs European cell. Web. Web. Web.
Pre-operational surveillance is one of the hallmarks of Hezbollah in planning for future attacks. Web. Possibly formed in early 1983 and reportedly led by Imad Mughniyah, a former Lebanese Shi'ite member of Palestinian Fatah's Force 17, the IJO was not a militia but rather a typical underground urban guerrilla organization. [5] Al-Qaedas Remaining Leaders. BBC News, 16 June 2015. [2] Orr, Tamra. [1] It is also thought that the group may have drawn funding from covert business operations and criminal pursuits, but the specifics of these activities remain unclear. Omar Ahmed Abdul Rahman (Unknown-1993): Rahman was believed to be the spiritual leader of the EIJ. [13] The two developed a close personal and professional relationship, and overtime, many EIJ members became bin Ladens primary advisors and confidantes. Brian Winter, vice president of policy at Americas Society and Council of the Americas and editor-in-chief of, By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. Baer claims the order for 1983 US embassy bombing is widely believed to have originated high up in the Iranian Islamic Republic's hierarchy. Not only was the EIJ given safe haven in Sudan throughout the early half of the 1990s, but the it also worked closely with the Sudanese intelligence service carrying out operations and sharing information.[2]. New York, NY: Vintage Books. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for Israel's assassination of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi in February that year. Upon his return from Panama, el Debeks IJO handlers asked him for photographs of the U.S. Embassy there and details about its security procedures. [2] Although the group had embraced violence as a means of achieving its goals from its inception, the group did not begin to embrace a Takfiri--the belief that all non-Sunnis are infidels--ideology until the late 1980s. WebJihad (/ d h d /; Arabic: , romanized: jihd [dihad]) is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. It is unlawful for a person in the United States or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to knowingly provide material support or resources to a designated FTO. [1] It is, however, clear that the EIJ received large amounts of support from the Sudanese government. Attorneys Emil J. Bove III and Amanda L. Houle for the Southern District of New York are in charge of the prosecution of Kourani. The founders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Fathi Shaqaqi and Abd al-Aziz Awda, were students in Egypt and members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood until the late 1970s when they decided that the brotherhood was becoming too moderate and insufficiently committed to the Palestinian cause. Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, Hezbollah: Born with a vengeance by Hala Jaber, p.113. While in Lebanon, the PIJ leadership cultivated a relationship with Hezbollah and received training from the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Kourani was arrested in the Bronx for providing, attempting, and conspiring to provide material support to Hizballah; receiving and conspiring to receive military-type training from Hizballah; a related weapons offense that is alleged to have involved, among other weapons, a rocket-propelled grenade launcher and machine guns; violating and conspiring to violate the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA); and naturalization fraud to facilitate an act of international terrorism. This is a historic step to counter Iran-backed terrorism around the world. First Attack: October 6, 1981:An EIJ member, Khaled al-Islambouli, opened fire on the Egyptian President Anwar Sadats box while he reviewed a military parade in Cairo, killing the president and 11 others. Bates, John D. (Presiding) (September 2003). Despite claiming in his passport application that he had no travel plans, Kourani traveled to Guangzhou, China the location of Guangzhou Company-1 on May 3, 2009. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Although Zumar succeeded Farraj as the leader of the EIJ, Sharif and Zawahiri acquired a large following within the group while in jail. However, he was eventually forced to turn back to bin Laden. 20 August 2015. This website contains only information in the public domain that has been verified and disseminated by US Government sources. [16] From Sudan, the EIJ launched a series of increasingly bloody attacks, most notable of which were its attempted assassinations of Egyptian Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi and Egyptian Prime Minister Atef Sedki in 1993. Web. "[20][21][22][23][24], Former CIA operative and author Robert Baer describes it as the cover name used by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran). Web. Webjihad, (Arabic: struggle or effort) also spelled jehad, in Islam, a meritorious struggle or effort.

Web. Hizballah was founded in the 1980s with support from Iran after the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, and its mission includes establishing a fundamentalist Islamic state in Lebanon. al-Qaeda, Arabic al-Qidah (the Base), broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s. 20 August 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Web. Assistant U.S. 2006. Based at Baalbek in the Beqaa valley, the group aligned 200 Lebanese Shiite militants financed by Iran and trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards contingent previously sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to fight the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. [3], The EIJ and Al Qaeda became allies in the early 1980s. [21], After being expelled from Sudan in 1996, bin Laden and Zawahiri travelled back to Afghanistan. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. [8], After serving three-year jail terms, Sharif andZawahiri released from jail in the 1984 and, along with many other EIJ members, emigrated to Peshawar, Afghanistan in 1986, where they set up new headquarters for the EIJ. (12 killed, 28 wounded)[1], Last Attack: 1998: The EIJ unsuccessfully attempted to bomb the U.S. Embassy in Albania. Until recently the INA provided that FTOs must be redesignated every 2 years or the designation would lapse. The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) is an extremist organization that formed in the late 1990s and is currently based in Pakistans Federally Administered Tribal Areas. November 4, 2022 As alleged in the criminal Complaints against Kourani and el Debek,[1] both of which were unsealed today in Manhattan federal court: Background on Hizballah and the Islamic Jihad Organization. C.V. Starr & Co. First was the landmark case colloquially known as the Returnees from Albania, in which the Albanian government agreed to extradite to Egypt 12 exiled EIJ. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[27] and journalist Lawrence Wright[28] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. The user can change map settings to display different features (e.g., leadership changes), adjust the time scale, and trace individual groups. 10 Oct. 2015. [3] Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Web. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. 3 Oct. 2015. April 8, 2019. The United States military says a drone strike carried out by the U.S.-led coalition in northwestern Syria has killed a senior member of the Islamic State group who was in charge of planning attacks in Europe, A Saudi man long held at the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, as a suspected al-Qaida operative has been returned to his home country.

Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. [16] Orr, Tamra. Barack Obama, who hailed the operation as a major success in the fight against al-Qaeda. 20 August 2015; Gebara, Khalil. The PIJ, despite being a Sunni group, took inspiration from revolutionary, theocratic Shia ideals espoused during the 1979 Iranian Revolution that established an Islamic regime. Watson, Laurie. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a highly compartmentalized component of Hizballah In the 1980s many members of EIJ left Egypt to participate in the Afghan guerrilla war against the occupation that followed the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. [15] Wright, Lawrence. [4] This, however, changed with the groups growing association to Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda in the 1990s. [23] Salah, Muhammad. [7] Sageman, Marc. New York, NY: Vintage Books. [24] 18 April 1983. Kourani and certain of his relatives were present during the summer 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah in Lebanon, when a residence belonging to his family was destroyed. 1182 (a)(3)(B)(i)(IV)-(V), 1227 (a)(1)(A)). Web. By law an organization designated as an FTO may seek judicial review of the designation in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit not later than 30 days after the designation is published in the Federal Register. [4] They demanded the departure of all Americans from Lebanon and took responsibility for a number of kidnappings, assassinations, and bombings of embassies and peacekeeping troops which killed several hundred people. The Islamic Jihad Organization IJO (Arabic: , romanized:arakat al-Jihd al-'Islmiyy) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a Shia[3] militia known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. The Islamic calendar is based on the movement and observation of the moon. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Web. 26 Aug. 2014; Gebara, Khalil. [1] As the introductory phrase signifies, the entirety of the text of the Complaints and the description of the Complaints set forth below constitute only allegations, and every fact described should be treated as an allegation. The United States also accuses Syria of providing a safe haven for the group, and allowing PIJ headquarters to remain in Damascus. There have been no direct attacks on U.S. properties or citizenssome have died in attacksalthough the PIJ threatened to attack the U.S. embassy if it was relocated to Jerusalem from Tel Aviv. The following is an abbreviated list of attacks that have been claimed by the PIJ the over the years: Backgrounder Military experience gained from fighting in Syrias civil war and decades of clashes with Israel have made the Iran-backed group stronger than ever, but the biggest threat it faces may be upheaval in its own backyard. The United States designated Islamic Jihad a terrorist organization in 1997. [1] Ayman al-Zawahiri. CNN, Date unknown. "[7] Wright is more circumspect, saying: "Islamic Jihad was clearly pro-Iranian in ideology, but some doubts existed among both Muslim moderates and Western diplomats about whether it was actually directed by Iran rather than home-grown."[4]. Some 16-18 rockets were fired into southern Israel, most of which were intercepted by the Iron Dome missile defense system or landed in open fields, the Israeli news website Ynet reported. [22] Around the same time, Ahmad Salama Mabruk, the membership director of the EIJ, was captured in Azerbaijan by the CIA and eventually also extradited to Egypt. by Jonathan Masters and Will Merrow WebThe organization's original primary goal was to overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state. 20 Aug. 2015; Fletcher, Molly. Each month starts when the lunar crescent is first seen after a new moon. Between November 2014 and February 2017, el Debek, who received religious training from Hizballah, has conducted more than 250 Facebook searches using search terms such as martyrs of the holy defense, martyrs of Islamic resistance, Hizballah martyrs, and martyrs of the Islamic resistance in Lebanon., * * *. Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) are foreign organizations that are designated by the Secretary of State in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended. 20 August 2015. Heightens public awareness and knowledge of terrorist organizations. It is most famous for its 1981 assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and for its close ties to Al Qaeda.

Mapping Militant Organizations. Last modified October 2015. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/egyptian-islamic-jihad, Ideology, Aims, Political Activities, Targets, and Tactics. The US State Department in June 2005 designated the IJU a Foreign Terrorist Organization. The EIJ originated in Egypt as a splinter group of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. In 1989 Shaqaqi moved the official headquarters to Damascus, where it remains, although a small contingent of leaders are still present in Lebanon, according to the State Department. Signals to other governments our concern about named organizations. In August 2008, Kourani submitted an application for naturalization in the U.S. in which he falsely claimed, among other things, that he was not affiliated with a terrorist organization. The US State Department in September 2000 designated the IMU a Foreign Terrorist Organization. [2] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. [6] Farraj was among those arrested and was eventually executed. Web. Because of lunar observation and differences in time zones, the observance of Islamic holidays and calendar dates may vary from region to region. [7] Gebara, Khalil. WebThe Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), often known as al-Jihad or the Jihad group, was a Jihadi, Salafi militant organization founded in Egypt in 1979 by Muhammad 'Abd al-Salam Farraj. 20 August 2015. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Some reports indicate that they merged with Hezbollah afterwards, with their leader Imad Mughniyah appointed as head of that party's overseas security apparatus. Organization ( IJO ) and Al Qaeda in the fight against al-Qaeda mr. Kim also the... Lebanon using digital storage media in Damascus the name of Hezbollahs Islamic Jihad ( EIJ.. 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