South Slavs (Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes, Serbians, Montenegrins, Macedonians, and Bulgarians) It has to be noted that this classification is based mainly on the similarities of the language. Particularly useful information is provided by the research of two uniparental markers within our genome, the Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as well as autosomal DNA. [115][116] The distribution, variance and frequency of the I2 and R1a subclades (>60%) among Croats are related to the medieval Slavic expansion, probably from the territory of present day Ukraine and Southeastern Poland. [114] Others argue that the "Bijelo Brdo and Vukovar cemeteries can hardly be regarded evidence of a pre-Croatian Slavic population in northern Croatia" and they rather "represent a population fleeing the Magyars" during the 10th century". (2015). ", "Na marginama novijih studija o etimologiji imena Hrvat", "O etnogenezi Hrvata u ranom srednjem vijeku", "Ideja o iranskom podrijetlu traje preko dvjesto godina", "Two Public Inscriptions from the Greek Colony of Tanais at the Mouth of the Don River on the Sea of Azov", "Razvoj i osnovne znaajke starohrvatskih grobalja horizonta 7.-9. stoljea na povijesnim prostorima Hrvata", " : ", " ? While in 1991 some 8,800 Croats were living in Kosovo, by 1998 the number had . Croatians are very proud of their food, and so they should be. According to Admixture, Croatian Neolithic samples have 97.6-100% ANF-ancestry, Copper Age samples have 71% ANF-ancestry and 29% Western Steppe Herders (WSH)-ancestry, while Bronze Age samples 47% ANF, 20% WHG and 33% WSG-ancestry. WebThe descendants of Kroat (Croatan) Indians still live in the USA. [58], According to 2013 autosomal IBD survey "of recent genealogical ancestry over the past 3,000 years at a continental scale", the speakers of Serbo-Croatian language share a very high number of common ancestors dating to the migration period approximately 1,500 years ago with Poland and Romania-Bulgaria cluster among others in Eastern Europe.

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[10][15][16] In Bosnian Croats, the frequency is similar to those of other South Slavs (12%). Jay Grdina pornographic film actor. [3], In the 2021, was made a genome-wide analysis on 38 out of 41 individuals from the 6200 years old massacre at village Potoani in Eastern Croatia. [56][53] It is the oldest European haplogroup (coalescence age circa 50,000 YBP) and its subclade U5 makes the majority of the haplogroup diversity in Europe. "[72] Bury considered that the White Croats' Chrobatos and Bulgars' Kubrat were the same person from the Bulgars ethnic group, as well derived the Croatian title Ban from the personal name of Avar khagan Bayan I and Kubrat's son Batbayan. [27] Utevska calculated that the STR cluster divergence and its secondary expansion from the middle reaches of the Dnieper river or from Eastern Carpathians towards the Balkan peninsula happened approximately 2,860 730 years ago, relating it to the times before Slavs, but much after the decline of the Tripolye culture. The western cluster has an inclination toward Hungarians, Czechs, and Slovaks, while the eastern cluster toward Romanians and some extent Greeks. [52] The almost final, and more in detail picture was given by Slovenian academic Ljudmil Hauptmann in 1935. [17][18] It is divided in two major subdivisions - subclade I2 (37.7%), typical for the populations of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, and I1 (5.8%), typical for the populations of Scandinavia. WebThe Croatoan Indians were a tribal group of Carolina Algonquians who probably inhabited both present-day Hatteras and Ocrac oke Islands at the time of the arrival of the English explorers and colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh in the 1580s. [49] The 2018 study which included 17 samples from Croatia; Mesolithic (7308-7027 BCE) from Vela Spila to U5b2b, three Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005-5751 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave to H1, K1b1a and N1a1, Early-Neolithic Starevo (5837-5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U8b1b1, two Early-Neolithic Croatia Impressa (5670-5560 BCE) samples from Kargadur to H5a and H7c, two Middle-Neolithic Sopot (5207-4546 BCE) samples from Osijek to U5a1a2 and H10, two Late-Neolithic Sopot (4790-4536 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U5b2b and N1a1, Eneolithic (3710-3360 BCE) from Radovanci to J1c2, three Vuedol (3000-2582 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja and Vucedol Tell to T2e, T2c2 and U4a, Early-Middle Bronze Age (1631-1521 BCE) from Veliki Vanik to I1a1, and the Late Bronze Age (805-761 BCE) sample from Jazinka Cave belonged to HV0e. [30] There were Yugoslavian scholars like Ferdo ii and Nada Klai who allowed limited non-Slavic origin of certain elements in Croatian ethnogenesis, but they were usually connected with the Pannonian Avars and Bulgars. Croatian Galleons were in regular trade with Spain, Portugal, France, England, Itlay, and the Ottoman Turks prior to the discovery of America. [15] In the northern islands of Cres (3%)[15] and Krk (6.8%) was similar to other southern islands (3.7-4.3%). WebThe data from Y-DNA and autosomal DNA suggests that the Croats mostly are descendants of the Slavs from medieval migration period, according to mtDNA have genetic diversity which fits within a broader European maternal genetic landscape, and overall have a uniformity with other South Slavs from the territory of former Yugoslavia . [39] However, this theory has been scientifically discredited and rejected. WebThe Croatoan Indians were a tribal group of Carolina Algonquians who probably inhabited both present-day Hatteras and Ocrac oke Islands at the time of the arrival of the English explorers and colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh in the 1580s. [66] The 2022 autosomal STR marker study on 2877 unrelated individuals from mainland (cities Zagreb, Pazin, Delnice, Zabok and Donji Miholjac, and region of Baranja) and insular (Krk, Cres, three North Dalmatian islands Ugljan-Paman-Dugi Otok, Bra, Hvar, Korula and Vis) subpopulations found higher genetic differentiation (0.005) compared to Southeastern Europe (0.002) indicating "a certain degree of genetic isolation, most likely due to the influence of endogamy within rural island populations". Some 170 years later, the necktie became a universal fashion. In the upcoming historical events and interactions in the region of Dalmatia finished the formation of the Croatian ethnic identity and ethno-political group of people, initially held and promoted by a heterogenous political and military elite of the same name. 614-802. [59] Haplogroup X ranges 0.63-3.17%, mainly belonging to subclade X2 > X2b,[58] and recent research of Cres and Rab possibly found a "new, island-specific" X3 lineage which "formed within the Croatian population". [85] He did not support Kronstenier's derivation, nor consider the etymology important as it is impossible to establish the ethnic origin of "original Croats", i.e. Even the given names list has expanded to include borrowed names from all over the world. [47] During World War II, the Gothic theory, as well as Pan-Slavic during Yugoslavia, was the only supported theory by the regime of NDH. (2015), Genetic structure within European context according to three genetic systems atDNA (A), YDNA (B) and mtDNA (C) per Kushniarevich et al. Iranians are Indo-European, but not slavic. [35][32][36] According to Pamjav et al. [11] The northern and the western parts of that sea were steppes and plains, while the modern Croatian islands (rich in Paleolithic archeological sites) were hills and mountains. [10][13][14], From the haplogroup E (9.8%-10.6%) among Croats the most frequent is subclade E1b1b1a1b-V13 (6.7%), while E1b1b1a3-M149 and E1b1b1c-M123 were also found in small numbers (1.1%). WebCroatian emigrants and their descendants - gov.hr Croatians living abroad Croatian emigrants and their descendants Croatian diaspora What is typical of all Croatian emigrantswhether they live overseas or in immediate vicinity of their homelandis that they want to cooperate with their homeland. According to Josip Cuculis letter, the above book also stated that a ship came near the Hatteras Horn in 1541 but broke against the reefs and the shipwreck victims went ashore. its subclade lineage I-M423 (18,400-14,000 YBP) > I-Y3104 (14,000-11,400 YBP) > I2a1a2b-L621 (11,400-6,500 YBP) > I-CTS10936 (6,500-5,600 YBP) > I-S19848 (5,600 YBP) > I-CTS4002 (5,600-5,100 YBP) > I-CTS10228 (5,100-3,400 YBP) > I-Y3120 (3,400-2,100 YBP) > I-S17250 (2,100-1,850 YBP) > I-PH908 (1,850-1,700 YBP),[19] which is typical of the South Slavic populations of Southeastern Europe, being highest in Bosnia-Herzegovina (>50%). Croatia: Religious affiliation Zagreb There is traditionally a close correlation between ethnic identity and religious affiliation. [63] In the 2018 analysis of Slovenian population, the Croatian population again clustered with Slovenians, Hungarians and was close to Czech. [127][126] The region had a specific role in the structuring of European, and particularly among Slavic, paternal genetic heritage, characterized by the predominance of R1a and I, and scarcity of E lineages. [15], The Slavic theory about the 7th century migration from Zakarpattia or Lesser Poland remains the mainstream historiographical and archaeological theory. There are visible four main clusters within sampled Croats, first including Mainland-Bra and Krk-North Dalmatian islands, second Hvar-Korula, third Cres, and fourth Vis, the latter two having highest distances from the others. [53] A moderate genetic isolate can also be considered for the continental population of mountainous region umberak because they had a loose affinity with Uskoks's proposed region of origin (Bosnians, Herzegovinians, southern Croatians) or to their current closest neighbors (northern Croatians and Slovenians). [15] Based on 8 STR marker genetic distances closest are populations of near countries, but also depending on method, Belarus, Slovakia, Poland and Russia. WebAl Christy - actor. WebCroatians and Bosnians are European slavic people, not Iranian people. [10][15] The haplogroup E and J are related to post-LGM, Neolithic migration of a population from Anatolia who brought with them domestication of wild animals and plants. Those in this situation should have a right to apply for citizenship. Croats in Kosovo are descendants from traders and miners from Dubrovnik and Bosnia and Herzegovina who moved there in the 14th century. [73], The anti-primordialist theory was later developed by Otto Kronsteiner in 1978. [44][43], Scholars like Ludwig Gumplowicz and Kerubin egvi literally read the medieval works and considered Croats as Goths who were eventually Slavicized, and that the ruling caste was formed from the foreign warrior element. In the case of the present-day Croatian nation, several components or phases influenced its ethnogenesis: The mention of the Croatian ethnonym Hrvat for a specific tribe before the 9th century is not yet completely confirmed. While in 1991 some 8,800 Croats were living in Kosovo, by 1998 the number had In the Neolithic period in Southeast Europe were founded major cultures like Vina, Varna, Starevo. [29][28] The official theory also ignored some historical sources, like the account of Constantine VII, and considered that the Croats and Serbs were the same Slavic people who arrived in one and the same migration, and unwilling to consider foreign elements in those separate societies. [37][20] The social and linguistical situation that made the pre-Slavic population is hard to reconstruct, especially if one accepts the theory that the autochthonous population was dominant at the time of the arrival of the Slavs yet accepted the language and culture of Slavic newcomers who were in the minority. It was caused by the Slavic expansion, a small population which expanded into regions of "low population density beginning in the sixth century" and that it is "highly coincident with the modern distribution of Slavic languages". [75][76] As arguments for his thesis he considered the Tatar-Bashkir derivation of Croatian ethnonym;[75] that Croats and Avars are almost always mentioned together;[75] distribution of Avarian type of settlements where the Croatian ethnonym was as toponym, pagus Crouuati in Carinthia and Kraubath in Styria;[75] this settlements had Avarian names with suffix *-iki (-itji);[75] the commander of those settlements was Avarian Ban which name is located in the center of those settlements, Faning/Banie < Baniki in Carinthia, and Fahnsdorf < Bansdorf in Styria;[75] the Avarian officers titles, besides Mong.-Turk. [14][15][16], Haplogroup I among Croats from Croatia is around 43.5%,[14] while in okci, a subgroup of Croats from eastern Croatia, is between 44% and 50% of the same haplogroup. [88] As such, Croatian name would not be an ethnonym, but a social designation for a group of elite warriors of diverse origin which ruled over the conquered Slavic population on the Avar Khaganate's boundary,[88][83][76] the designation eventually becoming an ethnonym[88] imposed to the Slavic groups. [50][51] On the larger inscription is written the father of the devotional assembly Horouathon and the son of Horoathu, while on the smaller inscription Horoathos, the son of Sandarz, the archons of the Tanaisians,[49] which resembles the usual variation of Croatian ethnonym Hrvat - Horvat. The Ministry is giving a hard time to descendants of Croatians who left Croatia for another country within Europe more specifically, Eastern Europe. [13] From the I2 subclade, the most prevailing is I2a1a (I-P37.2) i.e. Some 170 years later, the necktie became a universal fashion. During the Avar expansion into the Balkans peninsula, the Croats moved into what is Croatia today. [57] It is the dominant European haplogroup. It is considered that this identification of Croats with Goths is based on a local Croatian Trpimirovi dynastic myth from the 11th century, paralleling Hungarian rpd dynasty's myth of originating from the Hunnic leader Attila. By the time the Croats appear in historical documents, they are a Slavic nation. Jay Grdina pornographic film actor. [42], The Iranian theory entered the historical science from three, initially independent ways, from historical-philological, art history, and religion history, in the first half of the 20th century. Even the given names list has expanded to include borrowed names from all over the world. [67][58][68] However, although the suggestive similarity, it is etymologically incorrect. [53], Haplogroup W frequency in the mainland and coastal population is between 2.2 and 4.2%, while between insular populations 1.9-3.1%, with exception in Krk (7.5%),[57] and Cres (12.6%). [27] However, STR-based calculations give overestimated dates,[28][29] and more specifically, the cluster is represented by a single SNP, I-PH908, known as I2a1a2b1a1a1c in ISOGG phylogenetic tree (2019), and according to YFull YTree it formed and had TMRCA approximately 1,850-1,700 YBP. [21][15] The population with haplogroup I migrated to Europe from the Middle East, approximately 25,000-13,000 years ago. Jay Grdina pornographic film actor. [14] The sub-populations were divided in five regions which sub-populations showed strong similarity and homogeneity of paternal genetic contribution, all clustering together, with exception of sub-population from southern Croatia who showed a mild difference. Margeti initially advanced late 8th and early 9th century migration of Croats as Slavic vassals of Franks during the Frank-Avar war (which will be later adapted by Ante Miloevi, Mladen Ani, Vladimir Sokol),[90][91][92][93] but rejected it and instead argued that the Croats were one of Bulgarian tribes and leading social class which were named in honor of Kubrat's victory over Avars. Unusually for European populations, another central Asian-Siberian haplogroup P (i.e. [15] Similarly, Thomas the Archdeacon in his work Historia Salonitana mentions that seven or eight tribes of nobles, which he called "Lingones", arrived from Poland and settled in Croatia under Totila's leadership. Hope that makes sense. The slight peak of shared IBD segments between South and East-West Slavs suggests a shared "Slavonic-time ancestry". The high frequency of U4 in Lastovo (11.8%) indicates founder effect. WebStavemakers gather Croatians in Alabama Croatian immigrant John Erzen with accordion / Alice and John Pezent in their latter years Over 80 descendants of the Erzens, Turks, Pezents and Pongeraytors pose for a reunion photo on the porch of the Clarke County Museum in Grove Hill Saturday. Both are present in "informative frequencies in Balkan populations with known Slavonic heritage". These haplogroups show southnorth gradiation. Also, Croatians and Bosnians look so different from any Persian out there, so I don't know Europeans could descend from Persians. [33], The personal names on the Tanais Tablets are considered as a prototype of a certain ethnonym of a Sarmatian tribe those persons did descend from,[50][62] and as well today is generally accepted that the Croatian name is of Iranian origin and that can be traced to the Tanais Tablets. [20] The subclade's I-P37.2 very high frequency in the Western Balkans diminishes in all directions. [112] According to the 2015 NASU study, medieval burial grounds in Zelenche of Ternopil Oblast and in Halych region in Western Ukraine have "anthropological peculiarities" because of which are different from the near sites of Early Slavic tribes of Volhynians, Tivertsi and Drevlians, and closest "to several distant [medieval] populations of the part of the Western and Southern Slavs (Czechs, Lusatian Slavs, Moravians, and the Croatians). WebThe Croatoan Indians were a tribal group of Carolina Algonquians who probably inhabited both present-day Hatteras and Ocrac oke Islands at the time of the arrival of the English explorers and colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh in the 1580s. [38] The assumptions that the Illyrians were an ethnolinguistic homogeneous entity were rejected in the 20th century, and according to the scholars who support the Danube basin hypothesis of the Slavic homeland, it is considered that some proto-Slavic tribes existed even before the Slavic migration in the Southeastern Europe. [43] A 2016 whole exome sequencing study of 176 individuals from the island of Vis confirmed the isolate status of the island's population, and revealed the "pattern of loss-of-function mutations, which resembles the trails of adaptive evolution". [2] The 2021 study included 38 Neolithic (4200 BCE) samples from Potoani in Eastern Croatia and belonged to H, H4a1, H5b, H7, H13b1, H26, H42, HV, J1, K1a1, K1a3a, K1a4a1, K1b1b1, N1a1a1, N1a1a1a2, N1a1a1a3, T1a2, T2b, T2b23, T2f, U2, U5b1d1 and X2b, "suggesting that the Potoani victims belonged to a large community with a diverse pool of female lineages". [69] There were many supporters of the thesis and further tried to develop it, but the actual arguments are considered far-fetched, unscientific, and with Anti-Slavic sentiment. [86][87] He initially shared the Bury's opinion on the Kubrat's and Chrobatos' name and legends, and the mention of two sisters interpreted as additional elements which joined the alliance "by the maternal line", and noted that the symbolism of the number seven is often encountered in the steppe peoples. Those in this situation should have a right to apply for citizenship. [11][13] The region had a specific role in the structuring of European, and particularly among Slavic, paternal genetic heritage, characterized by the predominance of R1a and I, and scarcity of E lineages. Webnew york times higher education reporter . [9], Genetically, on the paternal Y chromosome line and studies published between 2003 and 2008, a majority (>85%) of male Croats from Croatia belongs to one of the three major European Y-DNA haplogroups - I (38%[10][11][12]-44%[13]), R1a (27%[13]-34%[10][11][12]) and R1b (12.4%[13]-15%[10][11][12]), while a minority (>15%) mostly belongs to haplogroup E (9%[13]), and others to haplgroups J (4.4%[13]), N (2%[13]), and G (1%[13]). [53], Haplogroup J is the third most frequent haplogroup (7.5% in 2020[54]), with 11.9% in the mainland but only 3.1% in the coast, however the islands had higher frequencies than the coastal population Korula (6.1%), Bra (8.6%), Krk (9%), Hvar (9.3%),[57] peak in umberak (12.34%)[58] and Lastovo (19.6%),[53] while in Cres is almost totally absent. Croatian Galleons were in regular trade with Spain, Portugal, France, England, Itlay, and the Ottoman Turks prior to the discovery of America. [53], Haplogroup U (18.85% in 2014,[58] 22% in 2020[54]) is mostly represented by its subclade U5 which is the second most frequent haplogroup, with 11.6% in the mainland and 10.4% in the coast, with similar frequencies in the islands of Bra (8.6%), Krk (11.3%), and Hvar (14.8%), while lowest in Korula (2%). [2]

WebCroatians and Bosnians are European slavic people, not Iranian people. Thus, the Croatian flag is based on the chessboard, whence many Croatian historians consider Croats as eponymic descendants of the Sassanid chess master & minister Bozorgmehr, just as the Kambojas are eponymic descendants of Cambyses and Georgians are viewed as the eponymic descendants of King George II. The definition of Croatian ethnogenesis begins with the definition of ethnicity,[1] according to which an ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or other experience, and which shows a certain durability over the long period term of time. [10] In Bosnian Croats the frequency was the same as among the Croats from Croatia (8.9%). According to Principal component analysis and Admixture methods, one of them had East/Northeast Asian, another European/Caucasian and third Near Middle Eastern/North African ancestry. [106], Anthropologically, the craniometrical measurements made on the contemporary Croatian population of the city of Zagreb showed it predominantly has "dolichocephalic head type and the mesoprosopic face type", more specifically mesocephalia and leptoprosopia prevail in South Dalmatia, and brachycephaly and euryprosopy in Central Croatia. WebCroatians were palace guards to the Caliphs of Moslem Spain in 1000 - 1200 A.D. and palace guards to the kings of France. [62] According to Kushniarevich et al., the Hellenthal et al. [15] It has highest frequency in northern (29.1%) and central (23.6%) region, and almost the same frequency in eastern (18.6%), southern (19.1%), and western (20%) region of Croatia. [53], Other mtDNA haplogroup with notable local peaks are: HV subclades with low frequencies in the mainland and coast (0.4-2.1%) but average (4.1-4.6) in islands, and high in Dubrovnik (7.7%)[53] and Bra (10.5%). Big difference. Those in this situation should have a right to apply for citizenship. It is a national reference DNA database of 17 loci system which acquired Y-STR haplotypes were predicted in estimated (over 90% probability) Y-SNP haplogroups. [127] The northern and the western parts of that sea were steppes and plains, while the modern Croatian islands (rich in Paleolithic archaeological sites) were hills and mountains. South Slavs (Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes, Serbians, Montenegrins, Macedonians, and Bulgarians) It has to be noted that this classification is based mainly on the similarities of the language. [48] In 1853 were discovered the two Tanais Tablets. [63] The 2015 IBD analysis found that the South Slavs have lower proximity to Greeks than with East and West Slavs, and that there's an "even patterns of IBD sharing among East-West Slavs'inter-Slavic' populations (Hungarians, Romanians and Gagauz)and South Slavs, i.e. [117][118][119][120][121] Genetically, on the maternal mitochondrial DNA line, a majority (>65%) of Croats from Croatia (mainland and coast) belong to three of the eleven major European mtDNA haplogroups - H (45%), U (17.8-20.8%), J (3-11%), while a large minority (>35%) belong to many other smaller haplogroups.

[108][109][110][111] The 2015 study of medieval skeletal remains in opot (14th-15th century) and Ostrovica (9th century) found out they cluster with other Dalmatian sites as well Polish sites, concluding that "PCA showed that all Eastern Adriatic coast sites were closely related in cranial morphology, and thus, most likely had similar biological makeup". [75], However, according to Peter tih and modern scholars,[78] Kronsteiner arguments were plain assumptions which historians can not objectively accept as evidence. [12] This is documented in chapter 30 and 31 of Constantine VII's work. The population of Croatia mostly shares a common ancestry with Eastern, Western, and Southern Europeans, and has almost no relation to isolated populations like the Sardinians and the Basques. However, in comparison to older research which argued a prehistoric autochthonous origin of the contemporary haplogroup I2 in Croatia and the Balkans,[nb 1] Battaglia et al. 2021. sfn error: no target: CITEREFarac_et_al.2016Supplementary_Table_9. WebMany of the Serbs in Croatia are descendants of people who migrated to the border areas of the Holy Roman Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest of Serbia and Bosnia. Claire Dubrey actress (father was from Dalmatia) Jenna Elfman television and movie actress (of partial Croatian descent; niece of Tony Butala) Judah Friedlander actor and comedian (mother of Croatian descent) Mira Furlan television and film actress. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Hope that makes sense. In the 2014 study, of the three successfully generated SNP profiles of Neolithic Starevo culture samples from Vinkovci, two belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup G2a-P15 and one to I2a1-P37.2, which could indicate G2a as potential representatives of the spread of farming from the Near East to Europe, while I2a as Mesolithic substratum in Europe. Population genetics is a scientific discipline which contributes to the examination of the human evolutionary and historical migrations. [33][58][54][70], Avar, also known as Avar-Bulgarian, Bulgarian or Turkic theory, dates to the late 19th and early 20th century when John Bagnell Bury and Henri Grgoire noted the similarity between Croatian legend of five brothers (and two sisters) with Bulgarian legend of Kubrat's five sons. WebThe definition of Croatian ethnogenesis begins with the definition of ethnicity, [1] according to which an ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or other experience, and which shows a certain durability over the long period term of time.

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